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<title>Cleavage factor</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cleavage factor</span></span>

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<p><b>Cleavage factors</b> are two closely associated <a href="Protein_complex" title="Protein complex">protein complexes</a> involved in the cleavage of the <a href="3'_untranslated_region" class="mw-redirect" title="3' untranslated region">3' untranslated region</a> of a newly synthesized pre-<a href="Messenger_RNA" title="Messenger RNA">messenger RNA</a> (mRNA) molecule in the process of <a href="Gene_transcription" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene transcription">gene transcription</a>. The cleavage is the first step in adding a <a href="Polyadenylation" title="Polyadenylation">polyadenine tail</a> to the pre-mRNA, which is one of the necessary <a href="Post-transcriptional_modification" title="Post-transcriptional modification">post-transcriptional modifications</a> necessary for producing a mature mRNA molecule.

</p><p>In mammals, the two cleavage factors are known as CFIm and CFIIm. The proteins that constitute these complexes are recruited to the cleavage site by <a href="Cleavage_and_polyadenylation_specificity_factor" title="Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor">cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor</a> and <a href="Cleavage_stimulatory_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleavage stimulatory factor">cleavage stimulatory factor</a>, and form a larger complex that also includes <a href="Polyadenine_polymerase" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyadenine polymerase">polyadenine polymerase</a>, which performs the polyadenylation reaction.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_CFIm_complex">The CFIm complex</h2></div>

<p>Involved in the earliest step for the formation of the active cleavage complex, the CFIm complex is formed by three proteins of 25, 59 and 68 kDa, respectively:<sup id="cite_ref-Hardy_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<p>CFIm25 and CFIm68 are sufficient for the activity of the complex, proving the expected redundancy of CFIm68 and CFIm59, which share great sequence similarity.<sup id="cite_ref-Hardy_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardy-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_CFIIm_complex">The CFIIm complex</h2></div>

<p>The CFIIm complex is responsible for transcription termination and triggering the disassembly of the elongation complex. It is composed of only two proteins:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFHardyNorbury2016" class="citation journal cs1">Hardy, J. G.; Norbury, C. J. (15 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:964ad012-7b51-4a2a-b283-2a8d5f9002c3">"Cleavage factor Im (CFIm) as a regulator of alternative polyadenylation"</a>. <i>Biochemical Society Transactions</i>. <b>44</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">1051–</span>1057. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1042%2FBST20160078">10.1042/BST20160078</a></span>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27528751">27528751</a>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFUstyantsevGolubchikovaBorodulinaKramerov2017" class="citation journal cs1">Ustyantsev, I. G.; Golubchikova, J. S.; Borodulina, O. R.; Kramerov, D. A. (9 May 2017). "Canonical and noncanonical RNA polyadenylation". <i>Molecular Biology</i>. <b>51</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">226–</span>236. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1134%2FS0026893317010186">10.1134/S0026893317010186</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28537233">28537233</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34817705">34817705</a>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Lodish H, Berk A, Matsudaira P, Kaiser CA, Krieger M, Scott MP, Zipursky SL, Darnell J. (2004). <i>Molecular Cell Biology.</i> WH Freeman: New York, NY. 5th ed.</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFStumpfDomdey1996" class="citation journal cs1">Stumpf, G; Domdey, H (1996). "Dependence of yeast pre-mRNA 3'-end processing on CFT1: a sequence homolog of the mammalian AAUAAA binding factor". <i>Science</i>. <b>274</b> (5292): <span class="nowrap">1517–</span>20. <a href="Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996Sci...274.1517S">1996Sci...274.1517S</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.274.5292.1517">10.1126/science.274.5292.1517</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8929410">8929410</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:34840144">34840144</a>.</cite></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Post-transcriptional_modification74" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Post-transcriptional_modification" title="Post-transcriptional modification">Post-transcriptional modification</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cell_nucleus" title="Cell nucleus">Nuclear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Precursor_mRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="Precursor mRNA">Precursor mRNA</a></li>

<li><a href="Five-prime_cap" title="Five-prime cap">5′ cap formation</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyadenylation" title="Polyadenylation">Polyadenylation</a>

</ul></li>

<li><a href="Poly(A)-binding_protein" title="Poly(A)-binding protein">Poly(A)-binding protein</a></li>

<li><a href="RNA_editing" title="RNA editing">RNA editing</a></li>

<li><a href="Polyuridylation" title="Polyuridylation">Polyuridylation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="RNA_splicing" title="RNA splicing">RNA splicing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Intron" title="Intron">Intron</a> / <a href="Exon" title="Exon">Exon</a></li>

<li><a href="SnRNP" title="SnRNP">snRNP</a></li>

<li><a href="Spliceosome" title="Spliceosome">Spliceosome</a>

<ul><li><a href="Minor_spliceosome" title="Minor spliceosome">minor</a></li>

<li><a href="Alternative_splicing" title="Alternative splicing">Alternative splicing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Precursor_mRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="Precursor mRNA">pre-mRNA factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cytosol" title="Cytosol">Cytosolic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Five-prime_cap" title="Five-prime cap">5′ cap methylation</a></li>

<li><a href="Messenger_RNA_decapping" title="Messenger RNA decapping">mRNA decapping</a>

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